后来发现 文档翻译系列-Truffle框架 文章，摘录：
Truffle是针对基于以太坊的Solidity语言的一套开发框架。本身基于Javascript。
Truffle官方文档-英文
Truffle官方文档-中文版
Truffle中文文档-深入浅出区块链
依赖环境
启动 ganache-cli 或者 ganache-gui
安装truffle环境
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| $ npm install -g solc-js
$ npm install -g truffle
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指定版本
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| $ npm install -g solc-js@0.5.0
$ npm install -g truffle@5.0.24
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** 注意：在Ubuntu下安装truffle** ，很容易出现 Error: EACCES: permission denied，怎么修改文件的目录权限都不行，这个是npm的错误，可以增加以下参数执行：
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| $ sudo npm install -g truffle@5.0.24 --unsafe-perm=true --allow-root
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| $ truffle version
Truffle v5.0.24 (core: 5.0.24)
Solidity v0.5.0 (solc-js)
Node v8.10.0
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初始化项目
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| $ mkdir demo
$ cd demo
$ truffle init
Downloading...
Unpacking...
Setting up...
Unbox successful. Sweet!
Commands:
Compile: truffle compile
Migrate: truffle migrate
Test contracts: truffle test
$ tree
.
├── contracts
│ └── Migrations.sol
├── migrations
│ └── 1_initial_migration.js
├── test
├── truffle-config.js
└── truffle.js
3 directories, 4 files
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配置
配置使用本地的 ganache-cli 测试网络
truffle.js
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| module.exports = {
networks: {
development: {
host: 'localhost',
port: '8545',
network_id: '*'
}
}
};
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可以配置多个网络
编写合约代码
Hello.sol
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| pragma solidity ^0.4.17;
contract Hello{
function sayhello() public constant returns (string name){
return ("Hello World");
}
function add(uint a,uint b) public returns (uint c){
return a + b;
}
}
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1_initial_migration.js 配置编译部署合约
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| var Migrations = artifacts.require("./Migrations.sol");
var Hello = artifacts.require("./Hello.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Migrations);
deployer.deploy(Hello);
};
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编译和部署
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| $ truffle compile
$ truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
... 0x430463c5f02367d3c00a0eb3facab3be1578aadcb770858e0ce767818fb6485a
Migrations: 0xcb5f27c8d6f01dba2fef4444b0b838aa8af5288a
Deploying Hello...
... 0xf9316b965d67db613c6c85fff4cfa647701db396648ef3a1f9ce76b4c05c7b7e
Hello: 0x13369cf35bb4b60bb1bbd35f4413729d56490a6d
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0x5af709894fad67a85f766f8ec61ad6377d4c62cd5c058b4e49d201d3b59fadaa
Saving artifacts...
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ganache-cli 控制台的log（发生了2笔交易。）：
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| eth_sendTransaction
Transaction: 0xf9316b965d67db613c6c85fff4cfa647701db396648ef3a1f9ce76b4c05c7b7e
Contract created: 0x13369cf35bb4b60bb1bbd35f4413729d56490a6d
Gas usage: 162663
Block Number: 7
Block Time: Tue May 15 2018 17:32:11 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)
eth_newBlockFilter
eth_getFilterChanges
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_getCode
eth_uninstallFilter
eth_sendTransaction
Transaction: 0x5af709894fad67a85f766f8ec61ad6377d4c62cd5c058b4e49d201d3b59fadaa
Gas usage: 42008
Block Number: 8
Block Time: Tue May 15 2018 17:32:11 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)
eth_getTransactionReceipt
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成功之后，build/contracts目录下都是json文件，它就是合约的元数据，我们要与合约进行交互就是用到其中的abi和address。
修改合约
编译过的合约，如果版本没变，不会再次migrate，所以修改合约代码要重新 migrate。
truffle migrate --reset
测试
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| $ truffle test
Using network 'development'.
0 passing (1ms)
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ganache-cli 控制台的log：
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| Transaction: 0xd72b2538ee2e7770a7d3695cc233908c16d0eb9c96be9aab69d31a837238d4f6
Contract created: 0xbf3f89e5e3635467a899f86b532ba8d4329a9d5a
Gas usage: 277462
Block Number: 4
Block Time: Tue May 15 2018 16:24:06 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)
eth_newBlockFilter
eth_getFilterChanges
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_getCode
eth_uninstallFilter
eth_sendTransaction
Transaction: 0xcf3ed3d31914eb20ba731646abe4b6c025316332aa487924922fad1eee9b52c3
Gas usage: 42008
Block Number: 5
Block Time: Tue May 15 2018 16:24:06 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)
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用truffle控制台与合约函数交互
合约部署好了，就用使用它，调用他的函数
以下操作参考了这篇文章
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| Hello.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
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Hello.deployed().then 语句来取得 Hello 合约的 Instance （实例），并存到 contract 变量中，以方便后续的调用。
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| $ truffle console
truffle(development)> Hello.deployed().then(instance => contract = instance)
...
...
很多打印
...
...
truffle(development)> contract.sayhello()
'Hello World'
truffle(development)>
truffle(development)> contract.add(1,44)
{ tx: '0x00724f11eaafd9eaa52315fb752aa935e75bad6c6a9ea654449874036dee23fc',
receipt:
{ transactionHash: '0x00724f11eaafd9eaa52315fb752aa935e75bad6c6a9ea654449874036dee23fc',
transactionIndex: 0,
blockHash: '0x31025dac9c6dc90aa1559e37002b174b15e86301cdab64607ba4f55e32234b7a',
blockNumber: 10,
gasUsed: 21976,
cumulativeGasUsed: 21976,
contractAddress: null,
logs: [],
status: '0x01',
logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' },
logs: [] }
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通常来说，写数据被称作交易(transaction)，读数据被称作调用(call)
- sayhello() 方法返回字符，不需要 gas（call） 。
- add() 方法会改变数据在区块链上的状态，需要花费 gas （transaction）；
扩展
官方的示例项目：宠物商店
官方的示例项目：宠物商店（中文翻译）
官方的示例项目：宠物商店（中文翻译:旧）