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1、DockerCE-在Ubuntu上安装

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环境：Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-97-generic x86_64)

  1. 查看分发版
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lsb_release -cs

xenial

  1. 更新源

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    sudo apt-get update

  2. 安装软件包

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    sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

  3. 添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥

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    curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

  4. 验证密钥指纹

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    root@bogon:~#  sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
    pub   4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22
    	  Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
    uid                  Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
    sub   4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22

  5. 写入软件源信息，用阿里云的国内快一些。

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    #aliyun
    sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

    #官方
    sudo add-apt-repository \
    	"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
    	$(lsb_release -cs) \
    	stable"

  6. 安装最新版社区版

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    sudo apt-get install docker-ce

  7. 查看版本

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    sudo docker version

    结果

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    Client:
    Version:           18.09.5
    API version:       1.39
    Go version:        go1.10.8
    Git commit:        e8ff056
    Built:             Thu Apr 11 04:44:24 2019
    OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
    Experimental:      false

    Server: Docker Engine - Community
    Engine:
    Version:          18.09.5
    API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
    Go version:       go1.10.8
    Git commit:       e8ff056
    Built:            Thu Apr 11 04:10:53 2019
    OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
    Experimental:     false

  8. 验证是否正确安装了 Docker CE

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    $ sudo docker run hello-world
    Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
    1b930d010525: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:5f179596a7335398b805f036f7e8561b6f0e32cd30a32f5e19d17a3cda6cc33d
    Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
     1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
     2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
        (amd64)
     3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
        executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
     4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
        to your terminal.

    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
     $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
    --------------------------------------------------------------------- 
    $ docker run -it ubuntu bash 
    Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
    f476d66f5408: Pull complete 
    8882c27f669e: Pull complete 
    d9af21273955: Pull complete 
    f5029279ec12: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:70fc21e832af32eeec9b0161a805c08f6dddf64d341748379de9a527c01b6ca1
    Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
    root@64cf93148c4b:/# ls
    bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
    root@64cf93148c4b:/# 
    这里是已经进入到 docker 镜像 ubuntu 的bash环境里面了

  9. 常用命令

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    # 拉取镜像，TAG一般是指版本，可以不指定，默认是latest
    $ sudo docker pull REPOSITORY:TAG
    root@server:~# sudo docker pull hello-world
    root@server:~# sudo docker pull openjdk:8

    # 查看本地镜像
    root@server:~# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    openjdk             8                   bec43387959a        7 days ago          625MB
    ubuntu              latest              d131e0fa2585        2 weeks ago         102MB
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        4 months ago        1.84kB

    # 删除本地镜像
    $ sudo docker rmi IMAGE_ID 
    root@server:~# sudo docker rmi fce28 

    # 前台运行
    $ sudo docker run NAME
    root@server:~# sudo docker run hello-world


    # 查看运行中的容器
    root@server:~# sudo docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND
    408bd2d9fe7c        hello-world         "/hello"                     

    # 删除容器
    $ sudo docker rm CONTAINER_ID
    root@server:~# sudo docker rm 408b


    # 后台运行
    root@server:~# sudo docker run -d ubuntu
    51028c9c4d404a0b0382dd6e91b0a985980832c537ed0d02ffe932a37cb101c6


    # 关闭（后台运行,前台的不需要stop）
    $ sudo docker stop CONTAINER_ID
    root@server:~# sudo docker stop 51028c
    51028c


    # 守护进程运行
    root@server:~# sudo docker run --restart=always hello-world

    # 端口映射
    root@server:~# sudo docker run -d -p 8080:8080 hello-world

    # 进入容器的bash
    $ sudo docker exec -it CONTAINER_ID bash
    root@server:~# sudo docker exec -it d131e0fa2585 bash


  10. 搜索镜像

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    root@server:~# docker search nginx
    NAME                  DESCRIPTION                    STARS               OFFICIAL
    nginx                 Official build of Nginx.       11403               [OK]
    tobi312/rpi-nginx     NGINX on Raspberry Pi / ARM    26
    bitnami/nginx         Bitnami nginx Docker Image     66

    其中，
    STARS：收藏数，表示该镜像的受关注程度
    OFFICIAL ：是否官方创建维护

  11. 镜像加速Docker 中国官方镜像加速

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    vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
    {
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
    }
    $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    $ sudo systemctl restart docker